In this section you can find references to some common screen readers, a form of assistive technology. They consists of software applications that attempt to convey what sighted people can see on a screen to their users via non-visual means, including text-to-speech TTS, (aca synthetic voices), sound icons (short sound effects with specific meanings), a Braille display.[2] They do this by applying a wide variety of techniques that include, for example, interacting with dedicated accessibility APIs, using various operating system features (like inter-process communication and querying user interface properties), and employing hooking techniques, or a combination of them.
Screen readers are available for a wide variety of products including personal computers (with any well-known operating system), smartphones, tablets, and smart TVs. In order to acquire the information they need to present to their users such applications implement different techniques, with the main one being the interaction with specific “accessibility APIs”.
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In this comprehensive tutorial by WebAIM you can get useful directions on how you can use [JAWS], perhaps the most used commercial screen reader, to test and evaluate the accessibility of your web page, application or document as quickly as possible.
Read moreAccess8Math is an add-on for the NVDA screen reader that provides a lot of very useful features to help blind and visually impaired people work with Math formulas and expressions, no matter their complexity degree.
Read moreAccessible Name and Description Computation 1.1 is an important W3C recommendation that explains how user agents (which are not limited to web browsers only) should compute the so called “accessible name” and “accessible description” of each element found in a web page.
Read moreThis is the official guide for TalkBack, the screen reader for Android developed by Google. In this guide you can find information that explains how to interact with any Android device using TalkBack, as it illustrates all the gestures and features it provides.
Read moreDeveloped by Google, TalkBack is a screen reader that makes it possible for blind and visually impaired people to use devices running the Android operating system or any of its variations (such as Android TV): these include smart phones, tablets, and even smart TVs and a wide variety of different devices that serve an even wider variety of user’s needs.
Read moreThis guide provides a lot of useful information on how to use Speakup, a linux screen reader for console-based applications. It illustrates the screen reader interface, as well as describing the features it provides and the keyboard shortcuts it supports.
Read moreThis is the official documentation for Narrator, the screen reader developed by Microsoft that comes preinstalled on each PC running the Windows operating system. Other that documenting the latest improvements made to the screen reader, this manual describes its features, the supported keyboard shortcuts and provides guidance on how to use it to explore and manipulate user interfaces, web pages and other documents.
Read moreBeing developed since the early 2000’s, Narrator is a screen reader that comes preinstalled on each computer running the Microsoft Windows operating system. While being available for a long time, Narrator made huge steps forward that made it actually suitable for usage as a screen reader with the Windows 10 Anniversary Update.
Read moreQuoting its official documentation, gnome-orca (often called just “orca”, but pay attention not to confuse it with other things with the same name) is a free, open source, flexible, and extensible screen reader that provides access to the graphical desktop environment in a linux or solaris operating system.
Read moreVoiceover is a screen reader that is embedded within each and every Apple product. It allows blind and visually impaired people to use Apple products such as the mac, iPhone, iPad, Apple Watch, iPod, HomePod, and even Apple TV.
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